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Label Description LG Status Operations
Image An image is a region of space that contains a point-to-point, systematic, invertible mapping of points in a source. 0 Ready Edit
ImageDistance The image distance $d_i$ is the distance from the center of the optical element to the image. 0 Ready Edit
IndependentVariable The independent variable of a controlled experiment is the quantity whose values are changed by the investigator. 0 Ready Edit
IndepMotions The component of an object's velocity along an axis is not affected by a component of acceleration along a perpendicular axis. 4 Ready Edit
IndexOfRefraction A material's index of refraction $n$ is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum $c$ to the speed of light in the material $v$, $n=\frac{c}{v}$. 0 Ready Edit
Instant An instant is a point in time. 0 Ready Edit
InstantaneousChange An instantaneous change in a quantity is the limiting value of the change in the quantity's value, divided by the duration of that change, as the duration approaches zero. 0 Ready Edit
KEEqnUnits The equation for kinetic energy is $\text{KE}=\frac{1}{2} m v^2$, where $\text{KE}$ is the object's kinetic energy, in joules, $m$ is the object's mass, in kilograms, and $v$ is the object's speed, in meters per second. 0 Ready Edit
Kilogram The kilogram is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant $h$ to be $6.62607015 \times 10^{-34}$ when expressed in the unit $\textrm{J s}$, which is equal to $\textrm{kg} \, \textrm{m}^2 \, \textrm{s}^{–1}$, where the meter and the second are defined in terms of $c$ and $\Delta \nu_{\textrm{Cs}}$. 0 Ready Edit
KinEqn1_vat One-dimensional motion with constant acceleration is described by the equation $v_2=v_1 + a (t_2-t_1)$, where $v_2$ is the velocity at time $t_2$, $v_1$ is the velocity at time $t_1$, and $a$ is the acceleration. 2 Ready Edit
KinEqn2_dvt One-dimensional motion with constant acceleration is described by the equation $x_\text{2}=x_\text{1} + \frac{1}{2} (v_\text{1}+v_\text{2}) (t_\text{2}-t_\text{1})$, where $x_\text{2}$ is the position at time $t_\text{2}$, $x_\text{1}$ is the position at time $t_\text{1}$, $v_\text{2}$ is the velocity at time $t_\text{2}$, and $v_\text{1}$ is the velocity at time $t_\text{1}$. 6 Ready Edit
KinEqn3_dv_plus_at^2 One-dimensional motion with constant acceleration is described by the equation $x_2=x_1 + v_1 (t_2-t_1)+\frac{1}{2} a (t_2-t_1)^2$, where $x_2$ is the position at time $t_2$, $x_1$ is the position at time $t_1$, $v_1$ is the velocity at time $t_1$, and $a$ is the acceleration. 8 Ready Edit
KinEqn4_2adv^2 One-dimensional motion with constant acceleration is described by the equation $v_2^2=v_1^2 + 2 a (x_2-x_1)$, where $v_2$ is the velocity at time $t_2$, $v_1$ is the velocity at time $t_1$, $a$ is the acceleration, $x_2$ is the position at time $t_2$, and $x_1$ is the position at time $t_1$. 2 Ready Edit
KinEqn5_dv_minus_at^2 One-dimensional motion with constant acceleration is described by the equation $x_2=x_1 + v_2 (t_2-t_1)-\frac{1}{2} a (t_2-t_1)^2$, where $x_2$ is the position at time $t_2$, $x_1$ is the position at time $t_1$, $v_2$ is the velocity at time $t_2$, and $a$ is the acceleration. 2 Ready Edit
KineticEnergy Kinetic energy is the energy that an object has because it is in motion. 0 Ready Edit
KineticFriction Kinetic friction is the force exerted by one surface on another surface, because they are sliding along each other, that is parallel to the surfaces' interface. 0 Ready Edit
KineticFrictionDirection The force of kinetic friction opposes the relative motion of the two surfaces. 0 Ready Edit
KineticFrictionStrength A useful approximation for the strength of the force of kinetic friction is $F_\mathrm{k}=\mu_\mathrm{k} F_\mathrm{N}$ where $F_\mathrm{N}$ is the magnitude of the normal force and $\mu_\mathrm{k}$ is a constant characterizing the interaction of the two surfaces. 0 Ready Edit
LawOfReflection The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. 0 Ready Edit
Lens A lens is a transparent object that bends light. 0 Ready Edit
LensCentralRay For a lens, the central ray originates at the object and travels straight through the center of the lens. 0 Ready Edit
LightColorReflect A light-colored object reflects most of the light that hits it. 0 Ready Edit
LightRay A light ray is a way to represent light. 0 Ready Edit
LightSource A light source is an object that produces light, like a candle, light bulb or the sun. 0 Ready Edit
LightSpeeds Light travels at different speeds in different media. Light travels fastest in a vacuum. 0 Ready Edit
LightStraightLine Light travels in a straight line. 0 Ready Edit
LinearMomentumConserved Linear momentum is conserved. 0 Ready Edit
LuminousIntensityUnit The SI unit for luminous intensity is the candela. The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency $540 \times 10^{12}$ hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of $(1/683)$ watt per steradian. 0 Ready Edit
Magnification The magnification $M$ of an object produced by an optical system is the ratio of the image height to the object height. 0 Ready Edit
MagnificationDistanceEqn If the object and image are in the same medium, then the magnification is $M = \frac{-d_i}{d_o}$. 0 Ready Edit
MagnificationPosNeg A positive(negative) magnification indicates an upright(inverted) image. 0 Ready Edit
Magnitude Magnitude, or length, is one of the two components of a vector. 0 Ready Edit
Mass An object's mass is a measure of the amount of matter in the object. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). 0 Ready Edit
MassConserved Mass is conserved. 0 Ready Edit
Medium A medium is a material that light or other form of energy travels in or through. 0 Ready Edit
Mirror A mirror is an object that reflects light according to the law of reflection, or specular reflection. 0 Ready Edit
MirrorCenterOfCurvatureRay For a spherical mirror, the center of curvature ray originates at the object, either passes through or is directed toward the center of curvature, and reflects straight back. 0 Ready Edit
MirrorCentralRay For a mirror, the central ray originates at the object, travels to the center of the mirror and reflects. 0 Ready Edit
MirrorReflection Reflection from mirrors is specular reflection. 0 Ready Edit
MirrorThinLensEquation For mirrors and thin lenses, the relationship of the focal length $f$, object distance $d_\text{o}$, and image distance $d_\text{i}$ is $\frac{1}{d_\text{o}} + \frac{1}{d_\text{i}} = \frac{1}{f}$. 1 Ready Edit
MoonMass The Moon's mass is $7.34 \times 10^{22}$ kg. 0 Ready Edit
Motion An object's motion is its position at a series of times (clock readings). 0 Ready Edit
N2CompEquation The component of an object's acceleration in a particular direction is equal to the component of the net force in that direction, divided by the object's mass; $a_\text{x}= \frac{F_{\text{net,x}}}{m}$. 0 Ready Edit
NegAccelDecreasingVel An object having a negative component of acceleration in a particular direction during a time interval will have a lesser component of velocity in that direction at the end of the interval than at the beginning of the interval. 0 Ready Edit
NegVelDecreasingPos The value of the position, on a particular axis, of an object having a negative velocity along that axis during a time interval will be less at the end of the interval than at the beginning. 0 Ready Edit
NetForce The net force on an object is the sum of the individual forces acting on the object. 0 Ready Edit
NetForce2Collinear Given two forces acting on an object along the same line, the net force on the object is (1) if the forces' directions are the same, a single force with magnitude equal to the sum of the forces' magnitudes and in the same direction (2) if the forces' directions are different and their magnitudes are different, a single force with magnitude equal to the difference of the two forces' magnitudes and in the direction of the stronger force (3) if the forces' directions are different and their magnitudes are the same, zero. 0 Ready Edit
NeutronCharge The neutron is neutral. 0 Ready Edit
NeutronMass The neutron mass, $m_\mathrm{n}$, is $1.67 \times 10^{-27}$ kg. 0 Ready Edit
NewtonsFirstLaw If the net force on an object is zero, the object's acceleration is zero, and vice versa. 0 Ready Edit
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